常规方法安装完Caddy,写好Caddyfile和systemd服务配置文件后sudo systemctl start caddy,结果发现在获取证书时失败,导致整个服务启动失败:
failed to obtain certificate: acme: Error -> One or more domains had a problem:
Mar 05 09:55:48 instance-2 caddy[1846]: [ mydomain.example.com ] [ mydomain.example.com ] acme: error presenting token: presenting with standard provider server: could not start HTTPS server for challenge -> listen tcp :443: bind: permission denied
开始以为是 setcap 的问题,但是检查过后,发现安装时的设置没问题:
getcap /usr/local/bin/caddy
/usr/local/bin/caddy = cap_net_bind_service+ep
而且直接命令行启动也没有问题,那么看来应该是systemd服务配置中的问题,一番搜索后发现了这个:Caddy won’t start – Could not start HTTP server for challenge -> listen tcp :80: bind: permission denied ,参考问题中的解决方法,修改caddy.service配置为:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 | [Unit] Description=Caddy HTTP /2 web server Documentation=https: //caddyserver .com /docs After=network-online.target Wants=network-online.target systemd-networkd-wait-online.service [Service] Restart=on-abnormal ; User and group the process will run as. User=caddy Group=caddy ; Letsencrypt-issued certificates will be written to this directory. Environment=CADDYPATH= /etc/ssl/caddy ; Always set "-root" to something safe in case it gets forgotten in the Caddyfile. ExecStart= /usr/local/bin/caddy -log stdout -agree= true -conf= /etc/caddy/Caddyfile -root= /var/tmp ExecReload= /bin/kill -USR1 $MAINPID ; Use graceful shutdown with a reasonable timeout KillMode=mixed KillSignal=SIGQUIT TimeoutStopSec=5s ; Limit the number of file descriptors; see ` man systemd. exec ` for more limit settings. LimitNOFILE=1048576 ; Unmodified caddy is not expected to use more than that. LimitNPROC=512 ; Use private /tmp and /var/tmp , which are discarded after caddy stops. PrivateTmp= true ; Use a minimal /dev PrivateDevices= true ; Hide /home , /root , and /run/user . Nobody will steal your SSH-keys. ProtectHome= true ; Make /usr , /boot , /etc and possibly some more folders read -only. ProtectSystem=full ; … except /etc/ssl/caddy , because we want Letsencrypt-certificates there. ; This merely retains r /w access rights, it does not add any new. Must still be writable on the host! ReadWriteDirectories= /etc/ssl/caddy ; The following additional security directives only work with systemd v229 or later. ; They further retrict privileges that can be gained by caddy. Uncomment if you like. ; Note that you may have to add capabilities required by any plugins in use. CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE NoNewPrivileges= true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target |
也就是打开这三行原来的注释:
CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
AmbientCapabilities=CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
NoNewPrivileges=true
然后,sudo systemctl daemon-reload,再次启动服务,一切正常!
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